Wednesday, 20 April 2016

Will Uganda's dams deliver on the expected benefits? The need to explore alternative energy


Four years after commissioning Bujagali hydro power plant, the largest power station in the country, government is racing against time to develop Karuma and Isimba hydro power plants in a move to meet the country’s growing power demand, estimated at 50 mw per year and to end years of chronic power shortages.
However, the Daily monitor newspaper recently reported that the Energy minister Irene Muloni had confirmed shoddy works in the construction of the Karuma, and Isimba dams both slated to be commissioned in December 2018 and in August 2018 respectively. The matter came to light after UEGCL – the state agency that is mandated with running completed power plants raised the red flag, alerting the President that the quality of works at the two dams had been compromised under suspected connivance between Energy Infratech from India, the lead supervisor and the contractor. Chinese firm Sinohydro is the contractor for the 600MW Karuma dam while China Water is constructing the 183MW dam at Isimba.
Let’s not forget that  these are the same companies that government hand picked and awarded the contract to build these dams instead of  taking them through a competitive bidding process with other companies. Already, concerns are mounting about the costs of these projects. While Karuma was initially expected to cost around $1.4 billion, this is now likely to shoot up to $2 billion, according to experts.
It is now questionable whether these dams will be able to deliver the expected benefits to Ugandans considering the above indicators. Construction of dams in Uganda has had a history of inflated costs, lack of commitment and unnecessary delays.Built on the promises of remaking people from peasants to modern citizens, these dams could fail to deliver reliable and affordable power even to the local communities near the projects, and rather become mere set-pieces of nation building.

Clearly, lack of transparency in deal making,profiteering and shady contracts are undermining the functionality of the energy sector and this continues to be the reason for inaccessible and expensive power that robs many Ugandans the dignity and opportunity that comes with access to modern energy. This is coupled with the fact that government continues to prioritize dams with less investment in other clean energy sources capable of transitioning the country towards a low-carbon climate-resilient economy.In most cases, the political currency earned by building dams is very high surpassing their actual usefulness. Other energy sources such as solar, wind are much more difficult to convert into political mileage and also undermine the traditional energy model considering that the sun and wind are intangible.

In the East African region ,Uganda still lags in third position in power generation efficiency at 61% with Kenya being the leader at 78% followed by Tanzania at 65% . Uganda has the potential to leapfrog over good old Hydro and become a regional leader in clean energy development. With the fall in the price of solar panels and storage batteries, there’s also an opportunity for many households in rural areas that mostly rely on traditional biomass usage a contributor  to  dangerous carbon emissions  .
Uganda cannot develop to create jobs, improve health services and compete with the rest of the world without sufficient and affordable electricity. Rural dwellers should not sit back to wait for electricity services from the government but venture into use of solar and wind energy sources for lighting their homes and businesses .
As citizens we must hold the energy sector leaders accountable because when these dams finally start producing unreliable and expensive power like history has shown we are the losers.

 dianakarakire@gmail.com

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